To standardize the monitoring of blood glucose for diabetic patients, an individualized monitoring plan needs to be developed according to different treatment modalities, as follows:

1. Intensive insulin therapy

For diabetic patients who have just started insulin intensive therapy, it is recommended to monitor blood glucose 5-7 times a day, including fasting, before and after three meals, and before bedtime, etc. If hypoglycemia manifests itself, blood glucose should be monitored at any time. In addition, if fasting hyperglycemia in the morning or hypoglycemia in the night, monitoring of blood glucose at 2-3 o'clock in the night should be increased until the blood glucose value reaches the standard, then blood glucose should be monitored 2-4 times a day, including fasting blood glucose, pre-bedtime blood glucose, and postprandial glucose measurement if necessary.

2. Use of basal insulin therapy

For diabetic patients treated with basal insulin, it is recommended to monitor fasting blood glucose 3 days a week before the blood glucose reaches the standard, and go to the hospital for follow-up every 2 weeks, and measure fasting blood glucose, blood glucose after meals and blood glucose before bedtime before the follow-up. After the blood glucose standard is reached, monitor the blood glucose 3 times a week, measure the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose after breakfast and dinner, and then go to the hospital for follow-up once a month, and measure the blood glucose of the above 5 time points before the follow-up.

3. Use twice-daily premixed insulin therapy.

Before the blood glucose standard is reached, monitor the fasting blood glucose and blood glucose before dinner 3 times a week, and then go to the hospital for follow-up once every 2 weeks, and add the above 5 time point blood glucose measurements before the follow-up. After the blood glucose standardization, monitor fasting blood glucose, blood glucose before dinner and blood glucose after dinner 3 times a week, and follow-up once a month.

4. Use of non-insulin therapy

The frequency and program of blood glucose monitoring should be decided according to the treatment plan and the level of blood glucose control. Generally, monitoring can be done 3 days a week, and if symptoms of hypoglycemia occur frequently, or when there is stress such as infection, trauma, surgery, etc., monitoring of blood glucose at 5-7 time points should be done, including fasting, before and after three meals, and before bedtime blood glucose. After stress is relieved or blood glucose is stabilized, it can be reduced to monitoring fasting and postprandial blood glucose.